Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Cotopriz – Yellow Genip, this tree is Talisia is a genus of 52 species of flowering plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas. The genus is closely related to Melicoccus, with some species sometimes included in that genus.
The species are evergreen trees and shrubs growing to 20 m tall, with pinnate leaves. The flowers are individually inconspicuous, produced in panicles. The fruit is an oval drupe 2-4 cm long containing one or two seeds surrounded by a translucent crisp, juicy layer of fruit pulp and a thin orange or brown skin; in several species the fruit pulp is edible. [source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talisia on 1/04/2013]
CAUTION: Never eat any member of the Talisia species before determining if it is a variety that is edible. Little information is available on the toxicity of various members of this family.
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the cotopriz, Talisia oliviformis. Common Name: Canip. This is a fruit tree that can grow up to 20 feet high. Native to Belize, Central America and northern South America. This fruit is an extremely popular fruit that is eagerly consumed by children and commonly sold in markets. Easy to grow from seed; the seeds will germinate in 30 to 60 days and the plants will bloom and produce fruit in three to four years.
It is rather dangerous for small children to eat due to the danger of the large seed slipping down the throat while eating the good tasting pulp around it and chocking the child..
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
It grows in most soils, but prefers a slightly acid PH.
(NOTE- Anyone having more information on this tree, please post.)
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Anonodium mannii (Junglesop) is a fast growing tropical African tree, that grows to 8-30m high, with a girth of up to 2m.[1] It has 20–40 cm long leaves and large flowers which produce edible fruits generally around 4–6 kg, but which can be up to around 15 kg. Fruit flavor is rich but variable and is sometimes described as an acquired taste, though the fruits are generally in high demand in Africa, with large fruits commanding high prices. The fruit is a favorite with local people (who refer to it as "bobo"[2]) and primates, especially bonobos.
Fruit
After approximately 10 years, junglesops begin to produce fruit seasonally. Normally around 5 kg, some are up to 15 kg, making the junglesop not only the largest of the Annonaceae but one of the largest fruits in the world, though not as large as the jackfruit or Telfairia pedata. Inside the tough, leathery brown skin patterned with raised diamond-shapes is a soft yellow-orange pulp with a somewhat peachy but unique flavor ranging from sweet to sour depending upon the genetic qualities of the tree concerned and upon its ripeness when harvested.[3] Some fruits do not taste good, but its rich flavor appeals to most palates and it is rich in Vitamin A.
Cultivation
Recommended cultivation distance is 8 meters square, and planting several trees together is recommended to ensure good pollination. Trees reportedly prefer a rich, acidic and moist but well drained soil.[4] As an understory tree, it is shade tolerant, but susceptible to wind damage. Attempts at cultivation have also been hampered by insect attack[1] and fungal diseases.[3]
Where it occurs naturally, the tree is not generally cultivated, possibly due to the availability of the fruit from wild trees, possibly due to the fact that although fast growing, trees take so long to bear fruit.
Distribution
The natural range of the junglesop is jungles of central Africa, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, Zambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Gabon and Cameroon. As well as in lowland rainforests, it grows on fringing forest and adjacent savanna especially next to rivers, provided the soil is well drained.[4]
It has also been planted in Hawaii, Malaysia and Australia, but has not yet set fruit.[5] A single tree is known to be growing in the continental US, in the Miami garden of pomologistBill Whitman, though it too has never fruited.[6]
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the capsicum rhomboideum, a.k.a. Capsicum ciliatum, Witheringia ciliatum
A very exotic and rare wild pepper bearing tiny, pea size red fruits without heat. This species is noteworthy as one of the remaining primitive wild peppers, an almost living fossil and part of a group of possible forebearers of the more common domesticated species.
Description
A small shrub that can grow as high as six feet though usually remains much smaller. Growth is more or less upright, somewhat compact. Compared with the common Capsicum's, this species barely looks like a pepper. Leaves are rounded, hairy and unlike common peppers in appearance. Flowers are bright yellow, with a general bell shape, but a distinctive Capsicum-like arrangement of stamens and pistils. The tiny berry fruits may follow flowering and ripen to red. Fruits are attached to a prominent five pronged calyx. The seeds are dark brown-black. C. rhomboideum is also of note for having 13 chromosome pairs (2n=26)---a trait shared with several extremely rare, primitive wild peppers. All domesticated and virtually all common wild peppers contain just 12 chromosome pairs (2n=24).
Hardiness Unknown.
Growing Environment
Of the very rare wild Capsicum's, this species is one of the easiest to grow. It does well in a range of conditions, though it should be watered fairly regularly during growing months. Grows well in filtered and full sun. Thrives in humid conditions, but test plantings have done fine in drier air as well.
Propagation
By seeds. The seeds can be difficult to sprout but using normal pepper germinating procedures generally shows good results.
Uses
The fruits are said to be edible with no heat and a very subtle sweetness. Rarely cultivated but in demand both as a curiosity and an ornamental amongst collectors.
Native Range
Native from Southern Mexico through Venezuela and Northern Peru. [SOURCE - RETRIEVED FROM http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/content/capsicum-rhomboideum.htm ON 12/15/2013]
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the The Peruvian Apple Cactus, Cereus repandus, is a large, erect, thorny columnar cactus found in South America as well as the nearbyABC Islands of the Dutch Caribbean. It is also known as Giant Club Cactus, Hedge Cactus, cadushi, (in Wayuunaiki[1]) and kayush.
With an often tree-like appearance, the Peruvian Apple Cactus' cylindrical gray-green to blue stems can reach 10 metres (33 ft) in height and 10–20 cm in diameter. The nocturnal flowers remain open for only one night. The fruits, known locally as "pitaya" or Peruvian Apple, are thornless and vary in skin colour from violet-red to yellow. The edible flesh is white and contains small, edible, crunchy seeds. The flesh sweetens as the fruit opens out fully.
Cereus repandus is an unresearched, under-utilized cactus, grown mostly as an ornamental plant. As noted above, it has some local culinary importance. The Wayuu from the La Guajira Peninsula of Colombia and Venezuela also use the inner cane-like wood of the plant in wattle and daub construction.[1] [FOOTNOTE - ^ Jump up to:a b Villalobos et al. (2007)] [SOURCE - RETRIEVED FROM http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereus_repandus ON 12/15/2013]
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the kola tree and the kola nut is the fruit of the kola tree, a genus (Cola) of trees native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. The caffeine-containing fruit of the tree is sometimes used as a flavoring ingredient in beverages, and is the origin of the term "cola".
General description
Cola acuminata
Kola nut is a caffeine-containing nut of evergreen trees of the genus Cola, primarily the species Cola acuminata and Cola nitida.[1] Cola acuminata is an evergreen tree of about 20 meters in height, and has long, ovoid leaves pointed at both the ends with a leathery texture. The trees have yellow flowers with purple spots, and star-shaped fruit. Inside the fruit, about a dozen round or square seeds can be found in a white seed shell. The nut’s aroma is sweet and rose-like. The first taste is bitter, but sweetens upon chewing. The nut can be boiled to extract the cola. This tree reaches 25 meters in height and is propagated through seeds. C. nitida and C. acuminata can easily be interchanged with other Cola species.
Uses
The kola nut has a bitter flavor and contains caffeine. It is chewed in many West African cultures, individually or in a group setting. It is often used ceremonially, presented to chiefs or presented to guests.[2] It is preferred among African Muslims, who are forbidden to drink alcohol. Chewing kola nut can ease hunger pangs. Kola nuts are often used to treat whooping cough and asthma. The caffeine present acts as a bronchodilator, expanding the bronchial air passages. Frequent chewing of the kola nut can also lead to stained teeth. Among the urban youth of West Africa, kola nut is becoming less popular.
Kola nuts are perhaps best known to Western culture as a flavouring ingredient and one of the sources of caffeine in cola and other similarly flavoured beverages, although the use of kola (or kola flavoring) in commercial cola drinks has become uncommon.
History
The use of the kola nut, like the coffee berry and tea leaf, appears to have ancient origins. It is chewed in many West African cultures, individually or in a social setting, to restore vitality and ease hunger pangs. Kola nuts are an important part of the traditional spiritual practice of culture and religion in West Africa, particularly Nigeria.[3] Kola nuts are used as a religious object and sacred offering during prayers, ancestor veneration, and significant life events, such as naming ceremonies, weddings, and funerals. They are also used in a traditional divination system called Obi divination. For this use, only kola nuts divided into four lobes are suitable. They are cast upon a special wooden board and the resulting patterns are read by a trained diviner.[4] This ancient practice is currently enjoying increased growth within the United States and Caribbean.
In the 1800s, a pharmacist in Georgia, John Pemberton, took extracts of kola and coca and mixed them with sugar, other ingredients, and carbonated water to invent the first colasoft drink. His accountant tasted it and called it "Coca-Cola". Cocaine (not the other extracts from the Peruvian coca leaf) was prohibited from soft drinks in the U.S. after 1904, and Coca-Cola no longer uses kola nor cocaine in its original recipe.[5]
Worldwide kola nut yield
Originally a tree of tropical rainforest, it needs a hot humid climate, but can withstand a dry season on sites with a high ground water level. It may be cultivated in drier areas where ground water is available. C. nitida is a shade bearer, but develops a better spreading crown which yields more fruits in open places. Though it is a lowland forest tree, it has been found at altitudes over 300 m on deep, rich soils under heavy and evenly distributed rainfall.
Regular weeding is a must and can either be done manually or by using herbicides. Some irrigation can be provided to the plants, but it is important to remove the water through an effective drainage system, as excess water may prove to be detrimental for the growth of the plant. When not grown in adequate shade, the kola nut plant responds well to fertilizers. Usually, the plants need to be provided with windbreaks to protect them from strong gales.
Kola nuts can be harvested mechanically or by hand, by plucking them at the tree branch. When kept in a cool, dry place, kola nuts can be stored for a long time.
Pests and diseases
The nuts are subject to attack by the kola weevil Balanogastris cola. The larvae of the moth Characoma strictigrapta that also attacks cacao bore into the nuts. Traders sometimes apply an extract of the bark of Rauvolfia vomitoria or the pulverised fruits of Xylopia and Capsicum to counteract the attack on nursery plants. The cacao pests Sahlbergella spp. have been found also on C. nitida as an alternative host plant. While seeds are liable to worm attack, the wood is subject to borer attack.
References
* Jarvis, Gail (May 21, 2002). The Rise and Fall of Cocaine Cola. Retrieved on 2006-08-19.
* Kim, Katherine, (2001). Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
* Mariama Bâ, "So Long a Letter"
Footnotes
1. Jump up^ Burdock, George A.; Carabin, Ioana G.; Crincoli, Christine M. (August 2009). "Food and Chemical Toxicology". Safety assessment of kola nut extract as a food ingredient (Elsevier) 47(: 1725–1732. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.019.
2. Jump up^ Igbo insight guide to Enugu and Igboland's Culture and Language, igboguide.org Kola Nut
3. Jump up^ FAMA Aina Adewale-Somadhi, Chief: (2004), "Practitioner's Handbook for the IFA Professional", Ile Orunmila Communications, p. 1
4. Jump up^ Epega, Afolabi A.: (2003), "Obi Divination", Athelia Henrietta Press, pgs 1-2
5. Jump up^ Catherine Meyers (6 May 2011). "How Natural Is Your Cola?". Science NOW. Retrieved 2011-05-08. [source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nut on 12/15/2013]
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Couepia longipendula (Egg nut)
The Couepia longipendula (egg nut) is interesting because of its excellent flavor. This large tree is common in the forest around Manaus but although widely eaten in the rural areas, it never reaches the local market so is little known. The shell is hard and thick requiring an ax to break it. Nuts with thinner shells are said to exist in the forest. Trees are rather slow growing so grafting onto the more vigorous rootstock of C. subcordata is being considered (FAO 1986). The kernels are rich in oil which appears to have some unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids. (source - retrieved from http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/v1-367.html on 3/29/2013)
The tropical rainforest tree Couepia longipendula is known by the common names egg nut, castanha de galinha, and pendula nut. It is found in the Amazon.
Its nuts are used as a food source in rural South America, especially in Brazil. The nuts are useful for their oil. (source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couepia_longipendula on 3/29/2013)
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Couma utilis (Sorva)
Over 5000 t of sorva latex are exported from this plant each year as a substitute for chicle gum. Much of it is obtained by destructive tapping of wild trees. Because these are being decimated quickly, Achras sapota trees are slow growing and increasingly rare and industrial substitutes are contaminated with heavy metals, there is considerable interest in establishing plantations of C. utilis. A few experimental trees have grown very fast on poor soil but tapping yields have not been obtained yet. The tree is also very decorative and the good flavored fruit are sold in local markets. The fruit might become a useful subproduct of latex plantations, however, they are too soft and not thought to be interesting enough to consider more seriously in their own right (FAO 1986). (source - retrieved from http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/v1-367.html on 3/29/2013)
Small, round fruit, looking somewhat like a guava, with an edible sweet pulp. The versatile tree is also a source of latex, used for a variety of industrial purposes.
Description: sized tree from 15-50+ feet tall.
Propagation: By seeds.
Uses: Fruit is eaten fresh. Tree latex is eaten to treat diarrhea, worms and parasites and is used to flavor drinks (sorva). The latex is also used in making chewing gum, glue, varnish, caulk, and other industrial products. (source - retrieved from http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/sorva.htm on 3/29/2013)
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Cucumis callosus, Kachra, Citrullus Colocynthis (L.) Schrad.(syn. Colocynthis vulgaris, Schrad.) India (Rajasthan): the seeds of this plant are gathered, washed with salt water many times to remove the bitter principles (mostly contained in the attached pulp), or are buried with common salt in small dugouts in the sand, kept covered there for a few weeks, washed, dried, ground into flour and made into Sogra, a rather hard-baked bread. The seeds may also be mixed with Bajra flour for bread. and are reported to provide better taste and lustre to chappatis; (Rajasthan, western): seeds eaten raw, fried and roasted. The dried pulp is listed in the British pharmacopoeia as a powerful hydragogue cathartic. Indigenous methods, however, have been developed to remove the bitter or poisonous principles, since some of the pulp which contains these elements remains attached to the seeds. Chemical composition (Turkish sample): the seeds, which represented 75.5% of the entire peeled fruit, contained traces of an alkaloidal principal, a small amount of an enzyme, and 12.72% of fatty oil containing, in turn, a small amount of phytosterol. The resin is non-glucosidic but portions extracted by ether and chloroform possessed purgative properties. Soil types favored by plant (Rajasthan, western): sandy; sand dunes and open plains. Vernacular names - Rajasthan, Jaisalmer district, : Toos,Tumba, Tastumba. Rajasthan (western):Tumba. Ref. BHANDARI; GUPTA & KANODIA, POWER & MOORE., SAXENA; SHANKARNARAYAN & SAXENA. Nigeria (Kano State, northern): fruit eaten. Requires long boiling to remove bitter principle. Vernacular name - Hausa: Kwariowa. Ref. MORTIMORE.
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. India (Rajasthan): the seeds of this watermelon, which grows on the dry sand of the desert, are dried and pounded into a flour which is then mixed with the flour of Bajra (millet) to improve its quality and quantity and to provide better taste and lustre to chapattis prepared from it. It is also used to prepare sogra, a rather hard-baked bread. The small, flat seeds, when dried, are said to taste like almonds. The seeds are also roasted and eaten raw; (Rajasthan, western): red, ripe fruit eaten; green fruit used as vegetable; seeds eaten raw and fried Cotyledons removed and eaten raw or mixed with sugar for confection. Pulp used [as base] for cooling drink. Oil is extracted from seeds. Soil types favored by plant: sandy; sand dunes. Vernacular names - Rajasthan, Jaisalmer district: Matira/Matera. This species has a wild form which is very bitter and probably poisonous. Ref. BHANDARI; GUPTA & KANODIA, SAXENA; SHANKARNARAYAN & SAXENA, WEBB.
Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad. Chad (central) : fruit eaten. Vernacular name - Arabic: Bittekh. Ref. CRÉAC'H.
Coccinea cordifolia, Cognx. Chad (central): fruit eaten. Vernacular name - Arabic: Marr 'had. Ref. CRÉAC'H.
Coccinea grandis (L.) Voigt. India (Rajasthan, western ): red ripe fruit eaten raw; green fruit eaten as vegetable in curry. Vernacular names: Golenda, Kanduri, Tandli. Ref. GUPTA & KANODIA, SAXENA.
Coccinea Indica, Wight. & Arn. India (Madras Presidency): ripe fruit eaten. Vernacular names - Tamil: Covay kai. Telugu: Donda, Bimbika. Ref. SHORTT.
Coccinea trilobata, (Cogn.). Tanzania (central): leaves boiled and eaten. Vernacular name - Sandawe: Koba. Ref. NEWMAN.
Cucumis callosus (Rottle.) Cong. India (Western Rajasthan): ripe fruit eaten raw and used in curries; green fruit used as vegetable; dried fruit rind and seeds used in curries. Soil types favored by plant: sandy plains, sand dunes. Vernacular names - Kachra, Kachri, Bislambhi. Ref. GUPTA & KANODIA, SHANKARNARAYAN & SAXENA.
Cucumis melo, Blanco; L. var. agrestis, Naud. Chad (central): fruit eaten. Vernacular name - Arabic: Fagus an nas ('People's melon'). Ref. CRÉAC'H,
Cucumis momordica, Roxb. India (Madras Presidency): fruit eaten. Vernacular names - Tamil: Kaat velleri, Pythum kai. Telugu: Pedda doskay. Ref. SHORTT.
Cucumis prophetarum, L. Chad (central): fruit eaten. Vernacular name: Fagus al kulab ('Dog's melon'). Ref. CRÉAC'H.
Cucumis trigonus, Roxb. India (Bombay Presidency): fruit eaten. Vernacular name - Panch Mahals distrct, Bombay Presidency: Kachia. Australia (North Queensland): fruit eaten raw. Ref. GAMMIE, IRVINE.
Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser. New Zealand: the Maori ate the young fruit in summer after baking it in earth ovens. Elsewhere (in Oceania ?), it may have been eaten only in times of famine. Ref. DODGE.
Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. (syn. Luffa aegypticaca, Mil.) Nigeria (northern): young fruits cooked and eaten by the Hausa. French Guinea: eaten like squash in soups and stews. China: fruit peeled and boiled. Chemical composition (Chinese sample): Protein = 1.4%. Fat = 0.15%. Carbohydrate = 4.28%. Ash = 0.48%. Moderate quantities of Vitamins A, B1 and B2. Moderate amounts of Vitamin C. Seed oil (Zambian sample): oil = 16%. Component esters (wt%): 16:0 = 16%. 18:0 = 13%. 18:1 = 14%. 18:2 = 3%. Vernacular names: Louffah, Vegetable Sponge, Bitter Apple, Wild Cucumber. Ref. GUNSTONE et al, IRVINE, READ, UPHOF.
Melotheria japonica, Maxim. ex Cogn. in DC. China: fresh fruit eaten raw. Vernacular name: Small Wild Gourd. Ref. READ.
Momordica balsamina, L. India (Rajasthan, western ): green fruit used as vegetable. Vernacular name: Bankarela. Ref. SAXENA.
Momordica Charantia, L. China: fruit eaten. India (Deccan): leaves eaten. Chad (central ): leaves eaten. Chemical composition (Chinese sample): Protein = 0.91%. Fat = 0.23%. Carbohydrate = 3.29%. Ash = 0.56%. Reported rich in Vitamins B1, B2, and C, with some Vitamin A present. Vernacular names - English: Balsam Pear, Bitter Gourd. Chad (central) - Arabic: Il iero. Ref. CRÉAC'H, READ, WATT.
Momordica dioica, Roxb. India (Bombay Presidency): fruit eaten; (Western Rajasthan): ripe fruit eaten; unripe, green fruit eaten as vegetable in curry. Soil type favored by plant: sandy. Vernacular names - Bombay Presidency, Panch Mahals district,: Kankodan, Kantola. Rajasthan (western): Kankera, Bara -karela, Kankoda. RajasthanRef. GAMMIE; GUPTA & KANODIA, SAXENA.
Rhynocarpa foetida, Schrad.; C.B. Clark in Hook. f. India: fruit and leaves eaten. Ref. GAMMIE, WATT.
Trichosanthus cucumerina, Buch.-Ham, ex Wall.; Miq.; Thunb.; Wall. (syn. [?] Trichosanthus pubera, Blume.) [Shortt gives Trichianthis cucumera. The supposition is made this is a misspelling of the genus and species here entered]. India (place not specified): fruit eaten; (Madras Presidency): fruit curried. Vernacular names - Tamil: Pepoodel. Telugu: Chayud pottah. Ref. SHORTT, WATT.
Trichonsanthus japonica, Regel. China: the root, rich in starch, is peeled, cut into slices, soaked in repeated changes of water for five days until they disintegrate, and then mashed to a pulp which is made into steamed cakes. The pulp of the fruit is also eaten (source - retrieved from http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/FamineFoods/ff_families/CUCURBITACEAE.html on 3/29/2013)
Most of the plants in this family should be regarded as famine foods only, and NOT for everyday use. Many are poisonous unless specially treated.
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
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Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Cuphea spp.
The several hundred widely spread species in this genus have been of interest for about a decade, because of the unique composition of their seed oils. This varies with species, with the most interesting having over 80% lauric acid (Graham et al. 1981, Graham and Kleiman 1985). As most species are small herbaceous plants and many are adapted to the colder regions of highland Mexico, it is hoped that a mechanized crop suitable for temperate climates might be developed and reduce the dependency of lauric oil importing countries on wildly fluctuating supplies from coconut producers. Satisfactory yields have not been achieved in the USA because of shattering (Hirsinger and Knowles 1984, Hirsinger 1985). Attention has been drawn to several other problems such as seed dormancy, slow growth and the variable chromosome numbers and fatty acid composition observed in different species (Arkcoll 1988). Many wild species have not yet been studied and an effort is being made to collect this germplasm in order to locate desirable characteristics. Research is also in progress to obtain indehiscence through mutations and also to splice the appropriate Cuphea genes into a conventional crop such as rape (Thompson 1984, Tokay 1985). Sudden success in either of these efforts could lead rapidly to the development of an important new crop to supply the enormous market for lauric oils. It would also help to expand markets for medium chain (mixtures of C8 and C10) triglycerides that have considerable commercial potential, especially as lubricants and nutritionally desirable and medically useful oils (Bach and Babayan 1982). There is considerable interest in the pharmacological properties of extracts from the whole plant of some species used as a cure-all in local folk medicine in Brazil. There is now scientific confirmation of several potentially useful separate effects including depression of the central nervous system and the ability to reduce blood pressure in experimental animals (Ericeira et al. 1984). (source - retrieved from http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/v1-367.html on 3/29/2013)
Several Cuphea species are popular ornamental plants or honey plants. C. ignea 'David Verity' and C. micropetalia are popular plants to attract hummingbirds.
Some species of Cuphea are used to produce cuphea oil, of interest as sources of medium-chain triglycerides. For most purposes, cuphea oil is identical to coconut oil and palm oil; these are derived from strictly tropical plants however and – particularly in the latter case – the expanding production of which has caused a considerable amount of habitat destruction. Cuphea may thus produce a valuable source of income for farmers in temperate regions, and by supplementing coconut and palm oil to satisfy the growing demand (e.g. for biodiesel production) at the same time decreasing the need for wholesale logging in tropical countries. Early attempts at commercial production have focused on an interspecific hybrid population derived from C. lanceolata and Clammy Cuphea (C. viscosissima).
Cuphea has also been shown to improve agricultural crops in North America when used in crop rotation. Crop rotation is commonly practiced among farmers to improve soil quality, control host-specific pests, and decrease the use of fertilizers and pesticides. When cuphea was introduced into the crop rotation of corn and wheat, scientists from the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA found that the addition of cuphea had positive effects on the following harvest, including a higher yield of crop and crops that are higher in protein.[1] Such research reveals how cuphea can be used in agriculture to increase the profitability of crops like wheat and corn.
The seed oils of some species are very rich in one particular fatty acid. C. painteri oil, for example, is about three-quarters caprylic acid; C. carthagenensis oil consists of about 80% lauric acid. C. koehneana oil may be the richest natural source of a single fatty acid, with 95% of its content consisting of capric acid.
Wikispecies has information related to: Cuphea
1. ^ "Cuphea P. Browne". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1994-09-07. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
2. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
3. ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. I: A-C. CRC Press. p. 664. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
4. ^ Rainy Side Gardeners: Cuphea llavea 'Tiny Mice'
5. ^ "Species Records of Cuphea". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
Categories:
* Cuphea
* Lythraceae (source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuphea on //2013)
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Murraya koenigii, a tree which produces an aromatic leaf often used in Indian cuisine. . The curry tree is a tropical to sub-tropical tree in the family Rutaceae, which is native to India.
Its leaves are used in many dishes in India and neighbouring countries. Often used in curries, the leaves generally go by the name "curry leaves", though they are also translated as "sweet neem leaves" in most Indian languages (as opposed to ordinary neem leaves which are bitter).
It is a small tree, growing 4–6 m (13-20 feet) tall, with a trunk up to 40 cm diameter. The leaves are pinnate, with 11-21 leaflets, each leaflet 2–4 cm long and 1–2 cm broad. They are highly aromatic. The flowers are small, white, and fragrant. [SOURCE - RETRIEVED FROM http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry_Tree ON 1/05/2013]
CAUTION – NEVER EAT THE SEEDS OF THE SMALL FRUIT ON THIS TREE AS THEY ARE QUITE POISONESS.
The leaves are highly valued as seasoning in southern and west-coast Indian cooking, and Sri Lankan cooking, especially in curries, usually fried along with the chopped onion in the first stage of the preparation. They are also used to make thoran, vada, rasam and kadhi. In their fresh form, they have a short shelf life, and they don't keep well in the refrigerator. They are also available dried, though the aroma is largely inferior.
Although most commonly used in curries, leaves from the curry tree can be used in many other dishes to add flavor. In Cambodia, Khmer toast the leaves in open flame or roasted it to a crunch and crushed it into a soured soup dish called Maju Krueng.
Seeds must be ripe and fresh to plant; dried or shriveled fruits are not viable. One can plant the whole fruit, but it's best to remove the pulp before planting in potting mix that is kept moist but not wet.
Stem cuttings can be also used for propagation. [source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry_Tree on 1/05/2013]
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Curry leaves are the young leaves of the Curry Tree/Plant, a member of the Rutaceae family that grows wild and in gardens all over India. Fresh curry leaves are oval in shape and best used at about 1 inch in length. They have a pungent and bitter smell much like the leaves of a citrus tree. Leaves are most powerful when fresh, but can be dried and used to less effect.
Curry leaves are commonly used as seasoning in Indian and Sri Lankan cooking, much like bay leaves and provide a flavouring for curries, vegetable, fish and meat dishes, soups (rasams), pickles, butter milk preparations, chutneys, scrambled eggs and curry powder blends. For some recipes, the leaves are oven-dried or toasted immediately before use. Another common technique is short frying in butter or oil. (Taken from Wikipedia)
The curry leaf is also said to have medicinal properties, the juice of curry leaves mixed with water is used by some to combat high blood pressure (hypertension). For this treatment; make a juice of 25-30 curry leaves with 1 cup of water, strain and drink first thing in the morning. Limejuice can be added for taste. [source - retrieved from http://247curry.com/Curry_Leaf.htm on 1/02/2013]
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Hi Everyone:
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the custard-apple, also called bullock's heart or bull's heart, is the fruit of the tree Annona reticulata. This species is a small deciduous or semievergreen tree sometimes reaching 10 m (33 ft) tall; it is a native of the tropical New World that prefers low elevations, and a warm, humid climate. It is cultivated in many tropical countries, and also occurs as feral populations in many parts of the world, including Southeast Asia, Taiwan, India, Pakistan, Australia, and Africa.
The fruits are variable in shape, oblong, or irregular. The size ranges from 7–12 cm (2.8–4.7 in). When ripe, the fruit is brown or yellowish, with red highlights and a varying degree of reticulation, depending on variety. The flavor is sweet and pleasant, akin to the taste of 'traditional' custard. [source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard-apple on 1/05/2013]
Both in tree and in fruit, the custard apple, Annona reticulata L., is generally rated as the mediocre or "ugly duckling" species among the prominent members of this genus. Its descriptive English name has been widely misapplied to other species and to the hybrid ATEMOYA, and it is sometimes erroneously termed "sugar apple", "sweetsop" and, by Spanish-speaking people, "anon" or "rinon", in India, "ramphal", all properly applied only to Annona squamosa. It has, itself, acquired relatively few appropriate regional names. Most commonly employed as an alternate name in English-speaking areas is bullock's-heart or bull's-heart; in French, coeur de boeuf; Portuguese, coracao de boi; in Spanish, often merely corazon—all alluding to its form and external blush. The skin color is reflected in the Bolivian name, chirimoya roia, the Salvadoran anona rosada, and the Guatemalan anona roja or anona colorada. In the latter country it is also known as anona de seso. Araticum ape or araticum do mato are additional names in Brazil. Some people refer to it as Jamaica apple, or as netted custard apple, which is translated as anona de redecilla in Honduras and Nicaragua. Cachiman, cachiman coeur de boeuf and corossol sauvage may be heard in the French-influenced West Indies.
The custard apple tree is not especially attractive. It is erect, with a rounded or spreading crown and trunk 10 to 14 in (25-35 cm) thick. Height ranges from 15 to 35 ft (4.5-10 m). The ill-smelling leaves are deciduous, alternate, oblong or narrow-lanceolate, 4 to 8 in (10-20 cm) long, 3/4 to 2 in (2 5 cm) wide, with conspicuous veins. Flowers, in drooping clusters, are fragrant, slender, with 3 outer fleshy, narrow petals 3/4 to 1 1/4 in (2 3 cm) long; light-green externally and pale-yellow with a dark-red or purple spot on the inside at the base. The flowers never fully open.
The compound fruit, 3 l/4 to 6 1/2 in (8-16 cm) in diameter, may be symmetrically heart-shaped, lopsided, or irregular; or nearly round, or oblate, with a deep or shallow depression at the base. The skin, thin but tough, may be yellow or brownish when ripe, with a pink, reddish or brownish-red blush, and faintly, moderately, or distinctly reticulated. There is a thick, cream-white layer of custardlike, somewhat granular, flesh beneath the skin surrounding the concolorous moderately juicy segments, in many of which there is a single, hard, dark-brown or black, glossy seed, oblong, smooth, less than 1/2 in (1.25 cm) long. Actual seed counts have been 55, 60 and 76. A pointed, fibrous, central core, attached to the thick stem, extends more than halfway through the fruit. The flavor is sweet and agreeable though without the distinct character of the cherimoya, sugar apple, or atemoya. [source - retrieved from http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/custard_apple.html on 1/04/2013]
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org]
.
Cultivars
'Tikal'
is of excellent quality and medium yield; its flesh is bright-red, except in the white areas surrounding the seeds.
'Canul'
has a medium fruit with a waxy, shiny dark-red surface and purplish red flesh; it is very aromatic and deliciously sweet with few concretions of hard cells.
'Sarteneja'
has a medium fruit with a waxy, shiny red surface and pink flesh with a magnificent taste and texture, although the fruit is not as attractive in appearance as that of the previous two cultivars. The tree is sturdier.
'San Pablo'
has a long, large fruit with an opaque, light-red surface. The flesh is dark-pink with a good aroma and taste. It is a vigorous, productive cultivar.
'Benque'
has a big, conical fruit with a dark-red surface and very tasty dark-pink flesh.
'Caledonia'
has a small fruit with a dark surface: it is very attractive to cochineal insects (Philophaedra spp.), which are not very common in other varieties. The flesh is pink and has an excellent taste.
'Chonox'
has a medium fruit with a red skin and juicy, very tasty pink flesh; it is very productive, so often has low-quality fruit. It produces abundant flowers in groups of up to 16 [source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard-apple on 1/05/2013]
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Darwin's Barberry Berberis darwinii
Small blue/purple edible berry growing on an ornamental bush. Berberis darwinii is an evergreen Shrub growing to 9 feet by 11 feet at a medium rate. It is hardy to zone 7 and is not frost tender. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by insects, self.The plant is self-fertile. It is noted for attracting wildlife.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay and nutritionally poor soils. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils.
It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure. (source - retrieved from http://www.seedman.com/fruit.htm on 4/2/2013)
Berberis darwinii is a species of barberry in the family Berberidaceae,[1] native to southern Chile and Argentina. Common names include 'Darwin's Barberry' and (Argentinean-Chilean Spanish) 'Michay'.
It is an evergreen thorny shrub growing to 3–4 m tall, with dense branches from ground level. The leaves are small oval, 12–25 mm long and 5–12 mm broad, with a spiny margin; they are borne in clusters of 2–5 together, subtended by a three-branched spine 2–4 mm long. The flowers are orange, 4–5 mm long, produced in dense racemes 2–7 cm long in spring. The fruit is a small purple-black berry 4–7 mm diameter, ripening in summer.
B. darwinii was discovered (in Western science) in South America in 1835 by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the 'Beagle'; however, the berries of this species were consumed by prehistoric native peoples[2] in the Patagonian region over millennia. The species was one of many named in honour of Darwin.[3]
It is a popular garden and hedging shrub in the British Isles. The Royal Horticultural Society has given the species its Award of Garden Merit.[4] The edible fruit is very acidic.
B. darwinii is regarded as an invasive plant pest in New Zealand[5] that escaped from gardens into indigenous plant communities via its bird-dispersed seeds.[6] It is considered a serious threat to indigenous ecosystems throughout New Zealand[7] and is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord. In Australia, the species is naturalised in the states of South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania.[8]
References
1. ^ Chilebosque: Berberis darwinii [1] Retrieved Aug. 2008
2. ^ C.Michael Hogan (2008) Cueva del Milodon, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham [2]
3. ^ New York Academy of Sciences, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Published by The Academy, 1909
4. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=233
5. ^ Darwin's barberry, Containment pest plants, Greater Wellington Regional Council website, retrieved 12 January 2009.
6. ^ Darwin’s barberry, DOC's weed work, Department of Conservation website, retrieved 4 January 2011.
7. ^ Seedling Recruitment of the Invasive Species Berberis Darwinii (Darwin's Barberry): What Contributes to Invasion Success?, McAlpine, Katherine (Kate) Grace, 2005, Victoria University of Wellington doctoral thesis, retrieved 12 January 2009.
8. ^ "Berberis darwinii". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 20 March 2012. (source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberis_darwinii on 4/2/2013)
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. Although its place of origin is unknown because of long cultivation, it probably originated from lands around Iraq. It grows 70–75 feet in height, growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. The leaves are 4–6 m long, with spines on the petiole, and pinnate, with about 150 leaflets; the leaflets are 30 cm long and 2 cm wide. The full span of the crown ranges from 6 to 10 m. Dates contain 20–70 calories each, depending on size and species.
The fruit is known as a date. The fruit's English name (through Old French), as well as the Latin species name dactylifera, both come from the Greek word for "finger," dáktulos, because of the fruit's elongated shape. Dates are oval-cylindrical, 3–7 cm long, and 2–3 cm diameter, and when ripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in colour, depending on variety. Dates contain a single stone about 2–2.5 cm long and 6–8 mm thick. Three main cultivar groups of date exist: soft (e.g. 'Barhee', 'Halawy', 'Khadrawy', 'Medjool'), semi-dry (e.g. 'Dayri', 'Deglet Noor', 'Zahdi'), and dry (e.g. 'Thoory'). The type of fruit depends on the glucose, fructose and sucrose content.
The date palm is dioecious, having separate male and female plants. They can be easily grown from seed, but only 50% of seedlings will be female and hence fruit bearing, and dates from seedling plants are often smaller and of poorer quality. Most commercial plantations thus use cuttings of heavily cropping cultivars. Plants grown from cuttings will fruit 2–3 years earlier than seedling plants.
Dates are naturally wind pollinated but in both traditional oasis horticulture and in the modern commercial orchards they are entirely pollinated manually. Natural pollination occurs with about an equal number of male and female plants. However, with assistance, one male can pollinate up to 100 females. Since the males are of value only as pollinators, this allows the growers to use their resources for many more fruit producing female plants. Some growers do not even maintain any male plants as male flowers become available at local markets at pollination time. Manual pollination is done by skilled labourers on ladders. In some areas such as Iraq the pollinator climbs the tree using a special climbing tool that wraps around the tree trunk and the climber's back to keep him attached to the trunk while climbing. Less often the pollen may be blown onto the female flowers by a wind machine.
Fresh dates, clockwise from top right: crunchy, crunchy opened, soft out of skin, soft.
Parthenocarpic cultivars are available but the seedless fruit is smaller and of lower quality.[citation needed]
Dates ripen in four stages, which are known throughout the world by their Arabic names kimri (unripe), khlal (full-size, crunchy), rutab (ripe, soft), tamar (ripe, sun-dried).
Dates are an important traditional crop in Iraq, Arabia, and north Africa west to Morocco and are mentioned more than 50 times in the Bible. In Islamic culture, dates and yogurt or milk are traditionally the first foods consumed for Iftar after the sun has set during Ramadan. Dates (especially Medjool and Deglet Noor) are also cultivated in southern California, Arizona and southern Florida in the United States.
Date palms can take 4 to 8 years after planting before they will bear fruit, and produce viable yields for commercial harvest between 7 to 10 years. Mature date palms can produce 80–120 kilograms (176–264 lb) of dates per harvest season, although they do not all ripen at the same time so several harvests are required. In order to get fruit of marketable quality, the bunches of dates must be thinned and bagged or covered before ripening so that the remaining fruits grow larger and are protected from weather and pests such as birds. [source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera on 1/04/2013]
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Instructions for starting and planting date seeds:
1.
o 1
Purchase date palm seeds or some whole dates at the local grocery store. If you buy whole dates, take off as much of the meat off the seed as you can. Then soak the seeds for 48 hours in a bowl of water. Change the water two or three times and pick the rest of meat off with a pair of tweezers. The meat on the seed will cause mold if not picked off.
o 2
Place vermiculite in a sandwich-sized plastic dish that has a lid. Mix in 2 tsp. of water and the seeds. Place the lid on the dish and put it in a warm place in your home. Some warm places may be over your stove, over a water heater or near a heater boiler.
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o 3
Check the seeds every two or three days. If the vermiculite gets completely dry, add a few drops of water. Watch for the seeds to sprout.
o 4
Place sprouted seeds in a small flower pot full of compost, just under the surface. Water them enough to dampen soil, but don't over water. Keep warm and damp and you will see a leaf start to grow from the soil.
o 5
Transplant into a larger pot by putting a layer of stones and filling the rest of the pot with well-draining soil. Dig a hole in the center and place the entire contents of the small pot in the hole. Place the pot in a sunny place. Transplant outside when the plant is about 4 feet tall.
o 6
Decide on a place in your yard to plant the seedling tree. It will need full sun and it will grow up to 100 feet, so it will need plenty of space. Plant the tree outside when it is warm both day and night.
o 7
Plant the tree by digging a hole larger than the pot. Line the hole with compost and place all the dirt and tree from its pot into the hole. Fertilize with fertilizer made for fruit trees or manure. If using manure, don't let it touch the trunk of a very young tree.
o 8
Water when the soil feels dry. As the tree gets larger, water every week to every other week in summer, but water longer. It will only need to be watered every 20 to 30 days the rest of the year. [source - retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how_5009733_grow-date-trees-seed.html on 1/04/2013]
Read more: How to Grow Date Trees From a Seed | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_5009733_grow-date-trees-seed.html#ixzz2HKXG0kTa.
How this tree and other plants absorb water from the ground. Plants have developed an effective system to absorb, translocate, store, and utilize water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues. These conducting tissues start in the roots and continue up through the trunks of trees, into the branches and then into every leaf. Phloem tissue is made of living elongated cells that are connected to one another and responsible for translocating nutrients and sugars (carbohydrates), which are produced by leaves for energy and growth. The xylem is also composed of elongated cells but once the cells are formed, they die. The walls of the xylem cells still remain intact and serve as an excellent peipline to transport water from the roots to the leaves.
The main driving force of water uptake and transport into a plant is transpiration of water from leaves through specialized openings called stomata. Heat from the sun causes the water to evaporate, setting this ‘water chain’ in motion. The evaporation creates a negative water vapor pressure. Water is pulled into the leaf to replace the water that has transpired from the leaf. This pulling of water, or tension, occurs in the xylem of the leaf. Since the xylem is a continuous water column that extends from the leaf to the roots, this negative water pressure extends into the roots and results in water uptake from the soil. [adapted from: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=follow-up-how-do-trees-ca ]
Clearly this clever water transport system shows a superior intelligence of the Creator (YHWH).
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to http://www.jw.org!
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Date Plum Diospyros lotus
A type of persimmon tree, produces a small fruit with a taste similar to both dates and plums. Known by the ancient Greeks as the fruit of the gods, the date plum is renowned for its sweet taste.
It is a decidious tree that is native to Middle East and South Asia, especially from China and Japan. This tree can reach up to 90 ft (30 m) tall in warm areas, but will generally be smaller. (Up to about 30 ft -10 m- tall) it bears edible small fruits in autumn.
The leaves of the date plum are decidious, and are about up to 4-5 in (10 - 12.5 cm) long. Flowers - Flowers are small and yellow-green, and are dioecious. At least both a male and female plant will be required to get viable seeds. A pack of 10 seeds will usually produce both male and female plants, can be pollinated by other persimmons.
The date plum is a close relative to the persimon. However, the date plum is a smaller fruit, as it is about 0.75 in (2 cm) wide. It is a globose yellow fruit that turns purple-brown when fully ripe. Like the persimon, the date plum looses its astringency when fully ripe. The flesh is then very soft and rich in flavour.
This tree is frost hardy down to -15°F (-25°C) and less. It can easily be grown in USDA zones 5 and warmer. The date plum needs a fairly well-drained and deep ground. (source - retrieved from http://www.seedman.com/fruit.htm on 4/3/2013)
Distribution and ecology
The species area extends from East Asia to the west of the Mediterranean, down to Spain. The Date-plum is native to southwest Asia and southeast Europe. It was known to the ancient Greeks as "the fruit of the gods" i.e. Dios pyros (lit. "the wheat of Zeus"), hence the scientific name of the genus. Its English name probably derives from Persian Khormaloo,literally "Date-Plum", referring to the taste of this fruit which is reminiscent of both plums and dates. This species is one candidate for the "lotus tree" mentioned in The Odyssey: it was so delicious that those who ate it forgot about returning home and wanted to stay and eat lotus with the lotus-eaters.[1]
The tree grows in the lower and middle mountain zones in the Caucasus. They usually grow up to 600 m above sea level. In Central Asia, it rises higher—up to 2000 m. They rarely grow in stands but often grows with the frame, ash, maple and other deciduous species. It is not demanding on the soil and can grow on rocky slopes but requires a well lit environment.
It is cultivated at the limits of its range, as well as in the U.S. and North Africa.
Biological description
This is a tree height of 15–30 m with sloughing of aging bark.
The leaves are shiny, leathery, oval shape with pointed ends, 5–15 cm long and 3–6 cm in width.
The flowers are small, greenish, appearing in June to July.
Fruits are berries with juicy flesh, yellow when ripe, 1–2 cm in diameter. Seeds with thin skin and a very hard endosperm.
*
The fruit of date-plum.
*
The leaves of date-plum.
*
The trunk of date-plum.
Usage
Caucasian persimmon fruits are edible and contain lots of sugars, malic acid, and vitamins. They are used as fresh fruits or after frost, but usually dried. Drying and frost destroy their tartness.
References
1. ^ Homer. "The Odyssey". Project Gutenberg. p. 76. Retrieved 2007-10-13. (source - retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date-plum on 4/3/2013)
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to www.jw.org].
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
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: 1725–1732. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.019.
